I appreciate the classic joke that always circulates this time of year…

Government: “You owe us money. It’s called taxes.”
Me: “Do you know how much I owe?”
Government: “Of course, but you have to figure it out for yourself”
Me: “I’ll just pay what I think is right?”
Government: “Yes, but guess wrong and go to jail.”

Despite the sentiment, I actually think tax season is a useful annual check-in on our finances and our planning.

I just finished filing our taxes for the year. I’m no expert, but I hired professionals for a few years and did our return alongside them. When we consistently came up with the same results, I figured I’d keep doing it myself.

A few takeaways from this year:

Our General Drawdown Strategy

Now that we are “retired,” our income doesn’t just show up on a W-2. We build it intentionally. Our general order:

1. 1099 consulting income first

 Uncle Sam really does encourage small business. If we bring in, say, $30,000 in 1099 revenue, after legitimate business expenses (unreimbursed travel expenses, software subscriptions, home office, mileage, etc.), that might drop to $22,000–$24,000 of net income.

2. Fill the rest of the 12% bracket with 457 distributions 

(from my University job.  One of the occasional perks of working in education is having access to the money I invested in this type of account penalty free before 59 1/2)

For 2025, married filing jointly:

• Standard deduction ≈ $30,000
  
• 12% bracket tops out around $94,000 taxable income
  
• Which means gross income can be roughly ~$124,000 before hitting the 22% bracket
  

But we rarely go anywhere near that. This year we targeted closer to $70,000–$75,000 of total MAGI.

Example:

• $30,000 net 1099 income
  
• $40,000 from 457
  = $70,000 total income
  

After the ~$30,000 standard deduction, only ~$40,000 is taxable and it is almost entirely in the 10% and 12% brackets.  That’s intentional. We are using low brackets now before our pensions start in a few years..

457 vs. Long-Term Capital Gains

We could sell appreciated investments and realize long-term capital gains. This is a common recommendation for early retirees since, for married filing jointly, the 0% capital gains bracket runs up to roughly $94,000 taxable income. With the standard deduction, you can often realize almost $100 thousand in long-term capital gains and pay $0 federal tax.

That’s powerful.  It is also a great example of how the system is skewed towards wealthy stock owners rather than wage earners.  Even the next bracket for LTCG is only taxed at 15% 😦   But here’s the wrinkle for us, and many others:

ACA subsidies create a “hidden tax bracket.”

ACA subsidies phase out based on Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) as a percentage of Federal Poverty Level (FPL).

For a household of 3, 2025 FPL is roughly $25,820.

• 200% FPL ≈ $51,640
  
• 250% FPL ≈ $64,550
  
• 300% FPL ≈ $77,460
  

If we let MAGI creep from $64,000 to $78,000, we might:

• Lose thousands of dollars in premium subsidies
  
• Effectively face a marginal rate north of 20–30% when you combine taxes + lost subsidies

That’s the “hidden bracket.” So even though capital gains are taxed at 0%, they still raise MAGI — which can cost us real money.

ACA Subsidies: A Real Planning Tool

One of the most frequent questions we get about retirement is healthcare. We’re currently using the ACA. Even without subsidies, we’re getting a better plan for about the same price we paid as public school teachers in Texas (which tells you how bad public educator plans in Texas are).

This year we deliberately stayed just below a key subsidy threshold. Example:

If our MAGI had been:

• $64,000 → strong subsidy
  
• $72,000 → meaningfully reduced subsidy

That $8,000 difference in income might have cost us $2,000–$3,000 in lost premium assistance.

The biggest wildcard in our planning right now is the return of the ACA “subsidy cliff.” Democratic policies provided “enhancements” so that subsidies gradually phased out as income increased, and even households above 400% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL) still received some help if premiums exceeded a set percentage of income. Despite the recent shutdown, the Republican party held firm on removing those enhancements so the old rule is back: cross 400% of FPL by even one dollar and subsidies drop to zero. For a household of three in 2025, that line is roughly $103,000 of MAGI. If your income is $102,900, you might receive thousands of dollars in premium assistance. If it’s $103,100, you get nothing and will owe the entire subsidy back at tax time. That creates an extreme marginal “tax” on just a few extra dollars of income, which is why we have to be careful about managing MAGI. It’s not just about income tax brackets anymore; it’s about avoiding a cliff that can turn a small planning mistake into a five-figure swing.

This year was good practice.  Not only was it the last year of enhancements before the cliff returns, but In a few years, when our household drops from 3 to 2 and my pension income starts, those margins will matter even more.

State Taxes: There’s No Free Lunch

At tax filing time, I do have a brief moment of gratitude that we are official residents of Texas and don’t pay a state income tax. When your federal return is finished and there’s no separate state return to file, it does  feel pretty good.  For a moment. Then I remind myself: Texas absolutely gets its revenue.

Even now, in a lower-income early retirement phase, we still pay:

• Property taxes are often in the 1.8–2.5% range.  On a $300,000 home, that’s $5,400–$7,500 per year.
  
• State + local sales tax of 8.25% in the Dallas area, which is among the highest combined sales tax rates in the country.

And unlike an income tax, these are regressive and don’t scale neatly with our earnings.

If our income drops from $120,000 to $60,000, the property tax bill doesn’t get cut in half. The county doesn’t care that I’m strategically harvesting long-term capital gains or staying under an ACA threshold. The appraisal district still wants its check.  And sales taxes? Those are inherently regressive. The family earning $60,000 and the family earning $600,000 both pay 8.25% at the register.

Texas makes a policy choice: tax consumption and property instead of income. That structure can be very attractive during high-earning years. If you’re making $250,000+, avoiding a 5–8% state income tax is meaningful. But in retirement, especially early retirement, the tradeoffs feel different.  There’s no such thing as a tax-free state, only different ways of collecting the bill.

Kids, Tax Credits, and Reality

I’ve been telling our youngest that he’s useless to me now that he has aged out of the Child Tax Credit (which ends at age 17).  Turns out that wasn’t entirely true.

The American Opportunity Tax Credit (AOTC) can be worth up to:

• $2,500 per year
  
• 100% of the first $2,000 in qualified expenses
  
• 25% of the next $2,000

If you’re paying tuition, that’s meaningful. So as long as he stays in school and we’re within the income limits, I guess I’ll let him slide 🙂

The Bigger Picture

Unlike some people I talk to, I don’t actually mind taxes.  It’s like a subscription fee for living in a functioning society. Call me crazy, but I like things like roads,public schools, National Parks, libraries, basic social stability, and caring for my fellow man.

Do I think the system is perfect? No.
Do I think rates should probably be higher, especially at the top end of the wealth spectrum? Yes, absolutely.

But while the tax code exists in its current format, staying informed matters.

This year we:

• Stayed in the 12% bracket
  
• Managed ACA subsidies
  
• Used business deductions appropriately
  
• Leveraged education credits
  
• Reduced future tax exposure by drawing down tax-deferred accounts before pension income begins

That’s not “beating the system.” It’s understanding the rules of the system you’re playing in. And when you treat tax season as a strategy session instead of a punishment, it becomes one of the most powerful financial planning tools your family can have.